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文章构建微观企业全球价值链嵌入位置和国内生产链长的度量指标，基于2000—2013年中国制造业企业的生产与贸易数据，探索进口竞争影响中国全球价值链国内链长的影响方向和作用机制。研究发现，进口竞争促进了中国企业投入和产出同时向价值链上游移动，最终体现为国内生产链长不变。机制检验发现，成本竞争导致企业投入向价值链下游移动而缩短了国内链长，质量竞争促使企业投入向价值链上游攀升而导致国内生产链长延长；进口竞争沿产业纵向传递促使国内链长向价值链上游延伸。异质性分析结果发现，进口竞争对高生产率和非国有企业国内链长的影响不明显，缩短了高研发密集度和比较优势增长行业的国内链长，并促使低研发密集度和比较优势下降行业的国内链长向价值链下游延伸。文章的研究结论对于如何利用进口促进制造业迈向价值链中高端具有一定的启示意义。
Abstract：This paper measures a firm's position in the global production line and the length of its domestic production chain,and studies the impact and mechanism of import competition on domestic production length based on the production and trade data from Chinese manufacturing firms between 2000 and 2013. The study finds that import competition promotes Chinese enterprises' input and output to move upstream of the value chain simultaneously,which ultimately results in no change in the length of the domestic production chain. The mechanism test shows that cost competition drives inputs to move downstream,shortening the domestic chain length,while quality competition pushes inputs and outputs upstream,keeping the domestic production chain length stable. Additionally,the vertical transmission of import competition along the industry promotes the extension of the domestic chain length upstream in the value chain. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that import competition has no significant impact on the domestic chain length of high productivity and non-state-owned enterprises,shortening the domestic chain length of industries with high R&D intensity and comparative advantage growth,and promoting the domestic chain length of industries with low R&D intensity and declining comparative advantage downstream in the value chain. The research concludes that using import competition to promote the movement of the manufacturing industry towards the middle and high end of the value chain has certain enlightening significance.
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(1)本文基于1994—2020年UNCTAD产品层面贸易数据和中国部门I-O表,以行业上游度为基本测量指标,对这一研究期间的中国产业链位置和国内链长的测算结果和特征与Chor等(2021)、倪红福和王海成(2022)的研究基本一致。
(2)HS6位码出口产品信息来自WTO的Trains数据库,HS6位编码与中国行业分类对照来自于Brandt等(2017)的研究。一般来说,若0<1,则表示某产业或产品具有比较劣势,其数值越是偏离1接近0,比较劣势越明显;若RCA>1,则表示一国某产业或产品在国际经济中具有显示性比较优势,其数值越大,显示性比较优势越明显;如果RCA>2.5,则具有很强的竞争优势;若1.25<2.5,则具有较强的竞争优势;若0.8<1.25,则该行业具有较为平均的竞争优势;若0<0.8,则不具有竞争优势。
(3)比较优势增长的行业编码为:17、20、21、22、23、25、26、31、32、34、35、36、37、39、40、41。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2024.11.008
中图分类号:F424;F752.61
引用信息:
[1]石小霞,杜鑫,王文佳.进口竞争、全球价值链嵌入位置和国内链长[J].世界经济研究,2024,No.369(11):120-134+137.DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2024.11.008.
基金信息:
国家社会科学青年基金“‘双循环’新格局下进口竞争推动制造业技术创新的机制与对策研究”(项目编号:21CJY019); 武汉纺织大学校基金特别专项[2024]“全球价值链重构视角下中国纺织产业链全面升级的理论逻辑与实现路径研究”