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在数字革命的背景下,企业的数字化转型已经成为推动中国出口稳定增长的重要驱动力。文章基于2001~2016年中国上市公司年报和机器学习方法从微观层面测度了中国企业数字化转型指数,并结合对应的上市公司经济数据和中国海关数据,深入考察了企业数字化转型对出口的影响及其作用机制。研究结论表明,企业数字化转型能够有效促进出口的增长,在系列稳健性检验后依然成立,该影响存在长期持续的正向动态效应,且对于扩展边际和广延边际均有显著正向影响,而对于不同类型的企业存在异质性影响。机制分析表明,数字化转型通过生产效率、创新能力和供应链管理渠道影响企业出口。
Abstract:In the context of the digital revolution,the digital transformation of enterprises has become an important driving force for the steady growth of China's exports. Based on the 2001-2016 annual reports of listed companies in China,this paper uses machine learning methods to measure the digital transformation index of Chinese companies at a micro level,and combines the economic data of listed companies and China customs data to investigate the impact of digital transformation of companies on exports and their mechanism. The research conclusion shows that the digital transformation of enterprises can effectively promote the growth of exports. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. The impact has a long-term and continuous positive dynamic effect,and it has a significant positive effect on the expansion margin and the extension margin. In addition,there are heterogeneous effects on different types of enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation affects corporate exports through production efficiency,innovation capabilities,and supply chain management channels. Further analysis shows that the digital transformation of enterprises is conducive to the upgrading of export trade models and the extension of the scope of export industries.
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(1)STSong-Light字体为PDF格式下的默认字体,系统对该字体的默认缺失将造成文本识别中的大量乱码问题。
(2)由于篇幅所限,企业数字化转型特征词库报告未予给出,备索。
(3)本文将不同年份的海关HS-6位码统一到HS1996版本。
(4)此外,本文也从企业所有制、企业规模、企业所属省份地区和企业所属行业等角度对本文测算的企业数字化转型指标进行了详细的描述性统计。由于篇幅所限,相关内容备索。
(5)此处感谢审稿专家的宝贵意见。
(6)由于篇幅所限,稳健性检验估计结果未予给出,备索。
(7)由于篇幅所限,本文2SLS估计仅报告了第二阶段回归结果,第一阶段回归结果有需要请向笔者索取。
(8)文中报告的Tobit模型和Probit模型估计结果均为边际效应。
(9)由于篇幅所限,仅报告了LP方法下的估计结果,OP方法下的估计结果留存备索。
(10)具体行业分类标准请见李雪冬等(2018)的研究。此外,由于烟草制品制造业(C16)和非金属矿物制品业(C30)存在大量的上市公司年报缺失问题,因此本文在划分行业密集度时未纳入C16和C30行业。
(11)本文按照国家统计局的分类方式对省份地区进行划分。其中,东部地区包括北京市、天津市、河北省、辽宁省、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、山东省、广东省和海南省,共11个省份和直辖市;中部地区包括山西省、吉林省、黑龙江省、安徽省、江西省、河南省、湖北省和湖南省,共8个省份;西部地区包括内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区、重庆市、四川省、贵州省、云南省、陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、西藏自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区,共12个省份、直辖市和自治区。
(12)本文参考Rauch(1999)的方法将SITC rev.2与HS1996进行对接,转换码来自于联合国贸易统计网站:https://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/classifications/correspondence-tables.asp。
基本信息:
DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2022.09.007
中图分类号:F752.62;F270.7;F832.51
引用信息:
[1]杜明威,耿景珠,崔岩.企业数字化转型与出口:来自中国上市公司的微观证据[J].世界经济研究,2022,No.343(09):119-134+137.DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2022.09.007.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下全球价值链重构对国际经济权力转移的影响及中国应对策略研究”(项目编号:20&ZD143); 辽宁大学亚洲研究中心亚洲问题研究项目“中日韩数字经济发展政策比较研究”(项目编号:Y202010)的支持