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作为国际贸易的新业态,跨境电商已经成为推动经济社会发展与促进就业的关键力量。文章聚焦微观企业的劳动力结构,利用2008—2024年中国上市公司数据,以跨境电商综试区的设立为“准自然实验”,在精准识别企业经纬度信息的基础上,利用交错双重差分模型(Staggered DID)考察了贸易新业态如何重塑劳动力就业结构。研究发现,跨境电商综试区的设立显著促进了区内企业就业结构的优化,且这一结论在经过诚实双重差分等多种稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验表明,这种影响主要通过促进企业数字化转型、减少企业税收负担和增加政府支持三个途径得以实现。异质性分析表明,跨境电商综试区的设立因城市科教水平、企业所有制以及企业所属行业的差异而对企业就业结构优化产生差异化影响。基于基本结论,文章进一步将研究视角拓展至企业就业技能结构特征,聚焦于相对就业结构调整和绝对就业结构调整双重视角以及低技能劳动力雇佣比例维度,研究发现综试区内企业在一定程度上重塑了劳动力就业结构,并存在高技能劳动力对低技能劳动力“技能挤出”的趋势。文章的研究为更高效地发挥跨境电商综试区的就业结构优化效应提供了经验证据。
Abstract:As a new form of international trade, cross-border e-commerce has become a key driver of economic and social development and employment growth. This study focuses on the labor structure of micro-enterprises, utilizing data from Chinese listed companies between2008 and2024. It employs the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment. By precisely identifying the geographical coordinates of enterprises, the study employs a staggered difference-in-differences(Staggered DID) model to examine how this new trade model reshapes labor employment structures. Findings reveal that the establishment of cross-border e-commerce pilot zones significantly optimizes the employment structure of enterprises within these zones. This conclusion remains robust after multiple validity tests,including honest double difference analysis. Mechanism tests indicate that this impact is primarily achieved through three channels: promoting enterprise digital transformation, reducing corporate tax burdens, and increasing government support. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the establishment of cross-border e-commerce pilot zones exerts differentiated impacts on optimizing enterprise employment structures based on variations in urban science and education levels, enterprise ownership structures, and industry sectors. Building upon the core findings, this study extends its perspective to examine the skill structure characteristics of enterprise employment. Focusing on both relative and absolute employment restructuring dimensions, as well as the proportion of low-skilled labor hired, the research reveals that enterprises within the pilot zones have reshaped the labor employment structure to a certain extent. A trend of " skill crowding out" of low-skilled labor by high-skilled labor is also observed. This research provides empirical evidence to support more effective utilization of the employment structure optimization effects within cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones.
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(1)限于篇幅,主要变量的衡量方式及描述性统计分析结果留存备索。
(1)由于省直管县在行政级别上不同于地级市且无法获得城市层面控制变量相关数据,因此本文剔除企业位于省直管县的样本。
(2)限于篇幅,主要变量的相关性分析结果留存备索。
(1)本文基准回归系数为0. 007,安慰剂检验的估计系数远远小于基准回归系数,故本文并未在图中标注基准回归系数线。
(1)Kfolds代表K折叠交叉验证,Kfolds=5代表样本分割比例为1∶4,即折叠5次,其余情况以此类推。
(2)限于篇幅,差分变量具体构造留存备索。
(1)为验证不同分组之间确实存在差异性,本文对分组样本进行费舍尔组合检验(Fisher′s permutation test)。
(1)同时将本科以上学历员工总数与专科及以下员工总数的比值(edu_unedu)作为相对就业结构优化的补充。
基本信息:
DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2026.03.001
中图分类号:F724.6;F249.2
引用信息:
[1]杜明威,袁茹,刘文革,等.贸易新业态如何重塑劳动力就业结构:来自跨境电商综试区政策的微观证据[J].世界经济研究,2026,No.385(03):3-17+135.DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2026.03.001.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金后期项目“企业数字化转型的出口贸易效应研究”(项目批准号:24FYB020)的阶段性成果
2025-11-16
2025
2026-01-25
2026
2
2026-03-16
2026-03-16