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(1)数据库可在世界银行获取,https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/content-deep-trade-agreements。

(2)限于篇幅,政策领域划分未予给出,备索。

(3)2022年世界贸易出口额前二十名的国家(地区)为:中国、美国、德国、荷兰、沙特阿拉伯、日本、韩国、意大利、比利时、法国、中国香港、阿拉伯联合酋长国、加拿大、俄罗斯、墨西哥、英国、新加坡、中国台湾、印度、西班牙。排除中国以及并未与以上除中国外的国家(地区)签订RTA的目的地市场(中国香港、俄罗斯)后,出口目的地的研究对象为17个国家。选择以上国家(地区)作为研究样本具备一定的科学性。一方面,世界贸易呈现出集中在少部分国家的特点,样本国家的出口总额约为世界出口总额的80%,删除其他样本对于估计的影响不大;另一方面,本研究实证分析部分的数据扩展方式会产生大量的0值,删除贸易频率与出口额不高的其他目的地国家能有效减少0值对于实证检验产生的偏差。

(4)下文中所提“国家”均为“国家(地区)”。

(5)k代表除j外的其他国家,用于帮助衡量中国企业i出口到目的地国家j这一过程中的“中延伸引力”效应,所以k不出现在变量的脚标中。

(6)模型(3)中OtherRTA与OtherRTADepth变量不存在多重共线性问题。在OtherRTA=1的情况下,OtherRTADepth才为非零值。β2衡量在j国和企业i出口的其他国家签订RTA的情况下,j国和企业i出口的其他国家的DTA深度对于企业i出口的影响。

(7)本文数据集中存在大量的零值,传统的线性回归模型不适用于此类零膨胀数据,而PPML能有效处理这种情况。

(8)本文将阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、印度、墨西哥归为发展中国家(地区)。