世界经济研究

美欧围绕数据跨境流动规则主导权之争展开多轮激烈博弈。从《安全港协议》到《隐私盾协议》,再到《欧盟—美国数据隐私框架(DPF)》的充分性认定，这一博弈进程不仅凸显了双方在“权利本位”与“市场本位”之间的根本矛盾，也揭示了欧盟通过“布鲁塞尔效应”扩大其监管力的战略取向。DPF通过创设新的隐私义务、引入约束性的双层救济保障措施和定期审查机制等有针对性的改革，填补了先前体系的缺憾，为跨大西洋数据流动增添了法律确定性。这一变革不仅深刻影响了国际数据治理格局，也为中国数据保护水平的提升提供了新的机遇。在规则变革的浪潮下，中国应客观地审视和借鉴，对内完善跨境数据流动顶层设计和制度保障，对外加强国际规则的衔接与合作，依托内外联动全面提升中国在国际数据规则制定中的话语权和影响力。

The U.S. and the EU have engaged in multiple rounds of intense competition over the dominance of cross-border data flow regulations. From the "Safe Harbor Agreement" to the "Privacy Shield Agreement" and now the "EU-US Data Privacy Framework(DPF)" This strategic game not only highlights the fundamental contradiction between " rights-based" and "market-based" approaches but also reveals the EU′s strategic orientation to expand its regulatory power through the "Brussels Effect". The DPF,by introducing targeted reforms such as establishing new privacy obligations, implementing binding dual-layer remedy safeguards,and incorporating periodic review mechanisms, addresses the shortcomings of the previous system, adding legal certainty to transatlantic data flows. This transformation not only profoundly impacts the global data governance landscape but also provides new opportunities for elevating China′s data protection standards. In the wave of regulatory changes, China should objectively examine and draw lessons, internally enhancing the top-level design and institutional safeguards for cross-border data flows, externally strengthening the alignment and cooperation with international rules, and comprehensively increasing China′s voice and influence in the formulation of international data rules.