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近年来，随着中国人口结构深度调整，外贸环境快速演变，劳动力在供求两侧的矛盾日益加剧。在此背景下，进一步探讨外贸冲击对企业就业的影响具有重要的现实意义。文章通过引入集团关联网络概念研究了进口竞争对企业就业的异质性影响，并对这一现象的来源进行了探讨。研究发现：进口冲击不仅抑制了非集团关联企业的就业创造，还加剧了其就业破坏，但集团关联企业则能够依赖其集团关联网络实现就业的相对稳定；微观机制研究表明，集团关联企业能够利用内部独特的要素市场，在关联企业之间乃至行业之间策略性地配置劳动力与资本等资源，提高集团关联企业应对进口竞争的能力；进一步研究发现，通过主动采取稳就业策略，集团关联企业能够有效减少资源错配引致的效率和收益的双重损失，进一步缓解融资约束、降低要素市场的摩擦成本以及改善政府与市场的关系，有利于实现企业稳就业的政策目标。
Abstract：In recent years, China′s profound demographic shifts and accelerating changes in the foreign trade environment have intensified the imbalance between labor supply and demand. Against this backdrop, further examining the impact of foreign trade shocks on firm employment holds significant practical relevance. By introducing the concept of group-affiliated networks, this study investigates the heterogeneous effects of import competition on firm employment and explores the origins of this phenomenon. The findings reveal that import shocks not only suppress " job creation" in non-affiliated firms but also intensify their " job destruction. " In contrast, affiliated firms within groups can leverage their business networks to achieve relative employment stability. Micro-level mechanism analysis indicates that business groups strategically allocate resources such as labor and capital across affiliated firms and even industries through their unique internal factor markets, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of affiliated firms against import competition. Further analysis reveals that by proactively adopting " employment stabilization" strategies, affiliated firms can effectively mitigate dual losses in efficiency and profits caused by resource misallocation. Additionally, alleviating financing constraints, reducing frictional costs in factor markets, and improving government-market relations contribute to achieving corporate policy objectives for employment stability.
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(1)资料参考国务院发布的《“十四五”就业促进规划》。
(1)本文将以下情况定义为不符合会计等式：资产负债率小于等于零；总资产小于固定资产或流动资产；总资产小于流动资产年平均余额；累计折旧小于当年折旧。
(1)篇幅所限，结果留存备索。
(1)篇幅所限，结果备索。
(2)为了与进口竞争变量的维度相匹配，本文以四位国民行业作为集团特定行业的分类依据。
(1)篇幅所限，结果留存备索。
(2)篇幅所限，结果留存备索。
(3)篇幅所限，结果留存备索。
(4)篇幅所限，结果留存备索。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2026.03.005
中图分类号:F752.61;F249.2;F279.2
引用信息:
[1]封起扬帆,上官熠文.进口竞争、集团内部市场与企业差异化就业决策[J].世界经济研究,2026,No.385(03):18-32+135.DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2026.03.005.
基金信息:
山东省“泰山学者”专项项目(项目编号:tsqnz20250725); 国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家经济安全风险统计测度与国际竞争力提升研究”(项目编号:24&ZD119)的阶段性研究成果
2025-10-31
2025
2026-02-02
2026
2
2026-03-16
2026-03-16