| 1,608 | 0 | 468 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
在全球经济增速放缓、国际经济秩序混乱和贸易保护主义兴起的背景下,提升产业链供应链韧性已成为构建新发展格局、推动贸易高质量发展的必然要求。文章基于A股制造业上市公司与海关进出口微观匹配数据,系统考察企业数字化投入对进口供应链韧性的影响。研究发现,数字化投入显著提升了企业进口供应链韧性,该结论在缓解内生性并进行多重稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明,数字化投入主要通过促进进口供应链多元化、增强进口供应链灵活性以及降低进口供应链修复成本等路径发挥作用。异质性检验发现,中国企业数字化投入与进口供应链的深度融合仍处于较低水平,且依托国外来源的数字化投入对进口供应链韧性的提升作用更大;同时,基于市场领导者和技术类产品所构建的进口供应链韧性受数字化投入的影响更为显著。进一步研究发现,企业所处全球价值链位置和外部风险环境对数字化投入的进口供应链韧性提升效应具有显著调节作用;此外,数字化投入不仅提升了新增市场和新产品的进口供应链韧性,也强化了存量产品的韧性。文章从数字化投入视角探讨了塑造韧性供应链的根本动力,为企业和政策制定者提升进口供应链韧性提供了新的思路与实践启示。
Abstract:Amidst a global economic slowdown,chaotic international economic order,and rising trade protectionism,strengthening supply-chain resilience has become central to China's new development paradigm and pursuit of high-quality trade. Leveraging matched micro data on A-share manufacturing firms and customs transactions,this paper analyzes the effect of corporate digital investment on import-supply-chain resilience. The results show that greater digital investment significantly enhances firms' import-supply-chain resilience,and it is robust through endogeneity corrections and a battery of robustness checks. Mechanism tests indicate that digital investment works by diversifying import sources,boosting supply-chain flexibility,and lowering recovery costs. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the overall integration of digital tools with import supply chains is still limited,that foreign-sourced digital investment generates larger gains than domestic investment,and that the effect is strongest for market-leading firms and technology-intensive products. The impact is further conditioned by a firm's global value-chain position and external risk exposure. Digital investment strengthens resilience for both newly added and incumbent markets and products. Our findings highlight digital investment as a fundamental driver of resilient import supply chains and offer actionable implications for firms and policy makers.
[1] Adner R,Kapoor R.Value creation in innovation ecosystems:How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(3):306-333.
[2] Antràs P,Chor D,Fally T.Measuring the upstreamness of production and trade flows[Z].NBER Working Paper,No.14109,2012.
[3] Biringer B E,Vugrin E D,Warren D E.Critical infrastructure system security and resiliency [M].CRC Press,2013.
[4] Bonadio B,ZHEN H,Andrei A,et al.Global supply chains in the pandemic[J].Journal of International Economics,2021,133:103534.
[5] Briguglio L,Cordina G,Farrugia N,et al.Economic vulnerability and resilience:Concepts and measurements[R].UNU-WIDER Research Paper,No.2008/55,2008.
[6] Brynjolfsson E,McAfee A.The second machine age:Wie die n?chste digitale revolution unser aller leben ver?ndern wird[M].Plassen Verlag,2014.
[7] CHEN W,Srinivasan S.Going digital:Implications for firm value and performance[J].Review of Accounting Studies,2024,29(2):1619-1665.
[8] Craig N,DeHoratius N,Raman A.The impact of supplier inventory service level on retailer demand[J].Manufacturing & Service Operations Management,2016,18(4):461-474.
[9] Khanna G,Morales N,Pandalai-Nayar N.Supply chain resilience:Evidence from Indian firms.[R].National Bureau of Economic Research,No.w30689,2022.
[10] Korniyenko M Y,Pinat M,Dew B.Assessing the fragility of global trade:The impact of localized supply shocks using network analysis[R].International Monetary Fund Working Paper,2017.
[11] Lall S.The Technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports,1985-1998[J].Oxford Development Studies,2000,3:337-369.
[12] Lewbel A.Using heteroscedasticity to identify and estimate mismeasured and endogenous regressor models[J].Journal of Business & Economic Statistics,2012,30(1):67-80.
[13] Mitsuyo A,Hayakawa K.Does the import diversity of inputs mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on global value chains?[J].The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development,2022,31(2):299-320.
[14] Namdar J,Sawhney R,Pradhan N.Supply chain resilience for single and multiple sourcing in the presence of disruption risks[J].International Journal of Production Research,2018,56(6):2339-2360.
[15] Nunn N,QIAN N.US food aid and civil conflict[J].American Economic Review,2014,104(6):1630-1666.
[16] Pettit J,Croxton K,Fikse J.Ensuring supply chain resilience:Development and implementation of an assessment tool[J].Journal of Business Logistics,2013,34(1):46-76.
[17] Ponomarov S,Holcomb C.Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience[J].The International Journal of Logistics Management,2009,20(1):124-143.
[18] Rajesh R.Forecasting supply chain resilience performance using grey prediction[J].Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2016,20:42-58.
[19] Rauniyar K,WU X B,Gupta S,et al.Risk management of supply chains in the digital transformation era:Contribution and challenges of blockchain technology[J].Industrial Management & Data Systems,2022,123(1):253-277.
[20] Sheffi Y,Rice Jr J B.A supply chain view of the resilient enterprise[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,2005,47(1):41-48.
[21] Vandenbussche H,Viegelahn C.Input reallocation within multi-product firms[J].Journal of International Economics,2018,114:63-79.
[22] Verhoef P C,Broekhuizen T,Bart Y,et al.Digital transformation:A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda[J].Journal of Business Research,2021,122:889-901.
[23] YANG T,FAN W.Information management strategies and supply chain performance under demand disruptions[J].International Journal of Production Research,2016,54(1):8-27.
[24] ZHAO K,Kumar A,Harrison P,et al.Analyzing the resilience of complex supply network topologies against random and targeted disruptions[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2011,5(1):28-39.
[25] 蔡宏波,韩金镕.数字技术应用与企业出口表现[J].管理世界,2024,40(5):58-75.
[26] 陈剑,黄朔,刘运辉.从赋能到使能——数字化环境下的企业运营管理[J].管理世界,2020,36(2):117-128;222.
[27] 陈峻,郑惠琼.融资约束、客户议价能力与企业社会责任[J].会计研究,2020(8):50-63.
[28] 崔连标,翁世梅,莫建雷.中国芯片进口供应链中断风险、可替代性及其经济影响评估[J].国际贸易问题,2023(3):124-140.
[29] 崔晓敏,熊婉婷,杨盼盼,等.全球供应链脆弱性测度[J].统计研究,2022,39(8):38-52.
[30] 戴翔,杨双至.数字化投入、数字投入来源与制造业绿色化转型[J].中国工业经济,2022(9):83-101.
[31] 葛新庭,谢建国,杨洪娜.数字化转型与企业供应链韧性[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2024(3):136-150.
[32] 黄群慧,余泳泽,张松林.互联网发展与制造业生产率提升[J].中国工业经济,2019(8):5-23.
[33] 黄群慧.新发展格局的理论逻辑、战略内涵与政策体系[J].经济研究,2021,56(4):4-23.
[34] 黄先海,高亚兴.数字知识存量、数实技术融合与企业实体技术创新边界[J].经济学动态,2025(3):36-53.
[35] 蒋为,龚思豪,李锡涛.数字企业赋能中国对外贸易方式转型的效率与动力变革[J].管理世界,2024,40(9):41-72.
[36] 李琦,刘力钢,田伟健.供应链数字鸿沟对供应链供需失调的影响研究[J].财经研究,2025,51(3):110-123;153.
[37] 李万利,刘虎春,龙志能,等.企业数字化转型与供应链地理分布[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2023,40(8):90-110.
[38] 李雪松,党琳,赵宸宇.数字化转型、融入全球创新网络与创新绩效[J].中国工业经济,2022(10):43-61.
[39] 吕越,邓利静.着力提升产业链供应链韧性与安全水平[J].国际贸易问题,2023(2):1-19.
[40] 毛其淋.贸易政策不确定性是否影响了中国企业进口?[J].经济研究,2020,55(2):148-164.
[41] 彭水军,李之旭.外部需求与企业上游供应链调整:稳链保供还是扩链强链[J].世界经济,2024,47(2):64-92.
[42] 陶锋,王欣然,徐扬,等.数字化转型、产业链供应链韧性与企业生产率[J].中国工业经济,2023(5):118-136.
[43] 王永钦,董雯.机器人的兴起如何影响中国劳动力市场?[J].经济研究,2020,55(10):159-175.
[44] 王煜昊,马野青,承朋飞.跨境电商赋能企业供应链韧性提升[J].世界经济研究,2024(6):105-119;137.
[45] 魏下海,郭凯明,吴春秀.数字技术、用工成本与企业搬迁选择[J].中国人口科学,2021(1):104-116;128.
[46] 巫强,姚雨秀.企业数字化转型与供应链配置:集中化还是多元化[J].中国工业经济,2023(8):99-117.
[47] 许家云,廖河洋.数字政府如何影响企业供应链安全[J].国际贸易问题,2024(5):89-105.
[48] 余号,殷凤.贸易数字化与企业出口关系可持续——基于供需匹配的视角[J].国际贸易问题,2025a(4):37-55.
[49] 余号,殷凤.贸易数字化与企业出口新空间[J].国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报),2025b(1):36-54.
[50] 袁淳,肖土盛,耿春晓,等.数字化转型与企业分工:专业化还是纵向一体化[J].中国工业经济,2021(9):137-155.
[51] 张鹏杨,刘维刚,唐宜红.贸易摩擦下企业出口韧性提升[J].中国工业经济,2023(5):155-173.
[52] 张晴,于津平.制造业投入数字化与全球价值链中高端跃升[J].财经研究,2021,47(9):93-107.
[53] 张树山,谷城.供应链数字化与供应链韧性[J].财经研究,2024,50(7):21-34.
[54] 赵宸宇,王文春,李雪松.数字化转型如何影响企业全要素生产率[J].财贸经济,2021,42(7):114-129.
[55] 中国社会科学院工业经济研究所课题组.提升产业链供应链现代化水平路径研究[J].中国工业经济,2021(2):80-97.
(1)例如:中国从A、B、C三国均等份额进口某类产品,从HHI指数来看,进口来源分散,表面上显示其进口供应链韧性较强。然而,如果该产品在全球出口网络中主要由A国主导,那么意味着全球供应链对A国的依赖度较高,当A国发生供应中断时,B、C两国也无法填补中国所需缺口。因此,尽管HHI指数显示中国进口供应链韧性较高,但从网络视角来看,中国的进口供应链实际上依然存在较大脆弱性。
(2)出口中心度变异指数的取值范围理论上是[0,+∞),其数值分布、量纲和经济含义与HHI指数完全不同。本文样本中HHI的均值在0.35以下,而出口中心度变异指数的均值在57以上,若直接将两者相乘,数值范围更大、波动更剧烈的出口中心度变异指数将会在复合指数中占据绝对主导地位,从而掩盖了进口集中度的真实影响。因此,必须对两个指标进行处理,使它们在合成前处于一个真正可比的地位。
(3)前四大类数字经济产业主要涉及C类制造业,F类批发和零售业,I类信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业,L类租赁和商务服务业,O类居民服务、修理和其他服务业,等等。具体划分标准留存备索。
(4)限于篇幅,略去主要变量描述性统计表;此外,我们还根据变量测度结果对进口供应链韧性和数字化投入水平进行了典型事实分析,受篇幅限制没有汇报。以上均留存备索。
(5)限于篇幅,稳健性检验的详细结果未予给出,留存备索。
(6)进口市场减少指某一进口市场t-1期存在而t期不存在,进口市场增加指某一进口市场t期存在而t-1期不存在。
基本信息:
DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2025.10.004
中图分类号:F425;F752.61;F274;F49
引用信息:
[1]沙文兵,刘曜闻,余艳.数字化投入能否提升制造业进口供应链韧性?:基于中国A股上市公司的经验研究[J].世界经济研究,2025,No.380(10):15-30+135.DOI:10.13516/j.cnki.wes.2025.10.004.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金项目“智能制造驱动全球价值链韧性提升的机理、路径与政策研究”(项目编号:24BJL038)的阶段性研究成果